Fuchs' Dystrophy

 

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Spinal Cord Stroke

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  Spinal cord stroke, also known as spinal cord infarction, is a rare type of stroke that occurs within the spinal cord or the arteries supplying it. Here are some key points about spinal cord stroke: Causes Arteriosclerosis :  Thickening or narrowing of the arteries can lead to reduced blood flow to the spinal cord. Embolism or Thrombosis:  Blockage of blood vessels by a clot can cause ischemia in the spinal cord. Aortic Pathologies:  Conditions like  aortic dissection  or surgery can lead to spinal cord ischemia. Symptoms Sudden Onset:  Symptoms often appear suddenly and can include severe back  pain . Motor and Sensory Deficits:  Patients may experience  weakness  or paralysis, and loss of sensation below the level of the infarct. Bowel and Bladder Dysfunction:   Autonomic dysfunction  can lead to issues with bowel and bladder control. Diagnosis MRI:  Magnetic resonance imaging is crucial for diagnosing spinal cord...
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Epicanthic Folds and Hooded Eyelids, similarities and differences

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  Epicanthic folds are skin folds of the upper eyelid that cover the inner corner of the eye. There are four main types: - Epicanthus Supraciliaris: This type runs from the brow, curving downwards towards the Lacrimal sac. - Epicanthus Palpebralis: Beginning above the upper tarsus, it extends to the inferior orbital rim. - Epicanthus Tarsalis: Originating at the upper eyelid crease, it merges into the skin near the medial canthus. This type is most often found in East Asians. - Epicanthus Inversus: This type runs from the lower eyelid skin over the medial canthus and extends to the upper lid . These folds are more common in certain populations, including East Asians, Southeast Asians, Central Asians, North Asians, Polynesians, Micronesians, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, and some African people ¹. They can also be associated with various medical conditions, such as Down syndrome, Zellweger syndrome, and Noonan syndrome In terms of eye health, epicanthic folds may: - Decrea...
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Sickle Cell Disease

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  Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin, leading to the distortion of red blood cells into a sickle shape. This can cause blockages in blood flow, leading to pain and organ damage. Recent research and treatments for SCD have focused on several promising areas: Gene Therapy : Recent advancements have seen the approval of new gene therapies by the FDA. These therapies aim to correct the genetic mutation responsible for SCD, offering a potential cure by editing the patient's own hematopoietic stem cells to produce normal hemoglobin. Blood and Bone Marrow Transplants : This remains a potential curative therapy, particularly effective in children with well-matched donors. Research is ongoing to make this option more accessible and safer for a broader range of patients. New Medications : Treatments like crizanlizumab , which supports circulation by preventing sickle cells from sticking to blood vessel walls, and vo...
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