Thyroid Eye Disease (TED): Why Do Eyes Bulge?
Thyroid Eye Disease (TED): Why Do Eyes Bulge? If you or someone you love has thyroid problems, you may have noticed a change in the eyes — they seem to push forward or look more open than usual. This is called Thyroid Eye Disease, or TED , and the bulging is called exophthalmos or proptosis . It can be alarming to see, but understanding why it happens makes it much less mysterious. What's Happening Behind the Eye? Think of your eye socket (the orbit) like a fixed-size bony cup. Inside that cup, there are: Extraocular muscles - the tiny muscles that move your eye Orbital fat - a cushion of fatty tissue that supports the eye The eyeball itself (globe) In TED, your immune system mistakenly attacks the tissues behind the eye. This is an autoimmune inflammation. It doesn't affect the eye itself, but it inflames the muscles and fat around and behind the eye (doctors call this retrobulbar tissue). When those tissues become inflamed, two things happen: The eye muscles swell and ...