HEMIFACIAL SPASM

 Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a neurological disorder characterized by:

1. Involuntary muscle contractions on one side of the face. 2. Spasms typically begin around the eye and may spread to other facial muscles. Causes: 1. Compression of the facial nerve(CN7) by a blood vessel or tumor. 2. Bell's palsy or other facial nerve injuries. 3. Multiple sclerosis or other demyelinating diseases. 4. Stroke or cerebral vasculitis. Symptoms: 1. Intermittent or continuous spasms. 2. Eyelid twitching or closure. 3. Facial weakness or paralysis. 4. Difficulty smiling or speaking. Diagnosis: 1. Physical examination. 2. Electromyography (EMG). 3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 4. Facial nerve conduction studies. Treatment options: 1. Botulinum toxin injections (Botox). 2. Microvascular decompression surgery. 3. Medications (muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants). 4. Facial nerve decompression. Lifestyle modifications: 1. Stress reduction techniques. 2. Relaxation exercises. 3. Avoiding caffeine and alcohol. 4. Getting regular sleep. Prognosis: 1. Variable, depending on underlying cause. 2. Symptoms may resolve spontaneously. 3. Treatment can provide significant relief. Organizations: 1. Hemifacial Spasm Association. 2. Facial Paralysis and Bell's Palsy Association. 3. National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD).

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6w_gMgOX1Io

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